Original data to complete the global CO2 budget are generated by multiple agencies and research groups around the world and are collated annually by the Global Carbon Project. Last updated: Nov 14 2009.
Full description of the data including references are published in the Methods of: Le Quéré, C., M. R. Raupach, J. G. Canadell, G Marland, L. Bopp, P. Ciais, T. J. Conway, S. C. Doney, R. Feely, P. Foster, P. Friedlingstein, K. Gurney, R. A. Houghton, J. I. House, C. Huntingford, P.E. Levy, M. R. Lomas, J. Majkut, N. Metzl, J. P. Ometto, G. P. Peters, I. C. Prentice, J. T. Randerson, S. W. Running, J. L. Sarmiento, U. Schuster, S. Sitch, T. Takahashi, N. Viovy, G. R. van der Werf, F. I. Woodward. Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide. Nature Geosciences, November 17 2009.
Brief summary of data sources:
Emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production.
1959-2006 estimates are from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
(CDIAC, 2006) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 2007 and 2008 estimates are based on
energy statistics published by the British Petroleum Company.
The error around the estimate is about 6 %.
Reference: Marland, G., T.A. Boden, and R. J. Andres. 2005. Global,
Regional, and National fossil fuel CO2 emissions. in Trends: A
Compendium of data on global change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis
center, oak ridge national laboratory, U.S. Department of energy, oak ridge,
tenn., U.S.A.
Emissions from land use change.
1959-2005 are estimated based on deforestation statistics published by the
Food and Agruculture Organization of the United Nations and a
a bookkeeping method.
2006-2008 emissions based on fire estimates from satellite data
from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center Global Fire Emissions
Database, version 2, combined with a biogeochemical model.
The error around the estimate is around +/-0.7 PgC/y.
Reference:
Houghton, R.A., 1999. The annual net flux of carbon to the atmosphere from land use 1850-1990. Tellus, 51B, 298-313.
van der Werf, G. R. et al. Estimates of fire emissions from an active deforestation region in the southern Amazon based on satellite data and biogeochemical modelling. Biogeosciences 6, 235-249 (2009).
The atmospheric CO2 increase are estimated by Earth System Research Laboratory of the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA/ESRL) 1959-1980 are from Mauna Loa station. 1980-2008 are global averages. The error around the estimate is around +/-0.04 PgC/y. Reference: Keeling, C.D. and T.P. Whorf. 2005. Atmospheric CO2 records from sites in the SIO air sampling network. In Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A.
The ocean sink for 1959-2008 was estimated using the average of four global ocean biogeochemistry models forced by observed atmospheric conditions of weather and CO2 concentration. The mean ocean uptake for the 1990s was normalised to the observational-based estimates. The error in model is about +/- 0.4 PgC/y. References and individual model results.
The land sink for 1959-2009
was estimated using the average of five global vegetation models forced by
observed atmospheric conditions of weather and CO2 concentration.
The mean land uptake for the 1990s was normalised to the observational-based
estimates. The error around the estimate is around +/-1.0 PgC/y.
Reference:
Sitch, S. et al. (2008) Evaluation of the terrestrial carbon cycle, future plant
geography and climate-carbon cycle feedbacks using five dynamic global vegetation
models (DGVMs). Global Change Biol., 14, 2015-2039.
Individual model results.
The residual is the sum of all sources minus sinks.
Residual= fossil_fuel + land-use_change - atm_growth - ocean_sink - land_sink
All values in PgC/yr, for the globe.
References above
time fossil-fuel land-use atmospheric ocean land residual
year +cement change growth sink sink
1959.5 2.46 1.40 2.02 1.46 -0.14 0.53
1960.5 2.58 1.39 1.08 1.37 1.08 0.43
1961.5 2.59 1.46 2.02 1.24 0.14 0.66
1962.5 2.70 1.46 1.46 1.25 1.11 0.34
1963.5 2.85 1.47 1.55 1.41 0.55 0.80
1964.5 3.01 1.49 0.62 1.62 1.50 0.76
1965.5 3.14 1.50 2.08 1.82 0.56 0.18
1966.5 3.30 1.54 2.61 1.80 1.54 -1.11
1967.5 3.41 1.55 1.59 1.60 1.70 0.07
1968.5 3.59 1.48 2.17 1.56 2.83 -1.49
1969.5 3.80 1.48 2.84 1.59 0.69 0.15
1970.5 4.08 1.44 2.17 1.50 0.37 1.47
1971.5 4.23 1.29 1.74 1.61 3.06 -0.88
1972.5 4.40 1.26 3.74 1.80 1.72 -1.59
1973.5 4.63 1.25 2.51 1.76 1.90 -0.28
1974.5 4.64 1.25 1.66 1.66 4.80 -2.22
1975.5 4.61 1.25 2.34 1.76 2.80 -1.03
1976.5 4.88 1.31 1.95 1.81 4.38 -1.95
1977.5 5.03 1.32 4.44 1.86 2.15 -2.10
1978.5 5.10 1.31 2.78 1.90 3.37 -1.63
1979.5 5.39 1.28 3.57 1.73 1.74 -0.36
1980.5 5.33 1.24 3.57 1.87 0.55 0.58
1981.5 5.17 1.26 2.29 1.94 2.64 -0.44
1982.5 5.13 1.46 2.10 2.00 1.44 1.04
1983.5 5.11 1.51 3.89 2.20 -0.39 0.93
1984.5 5.29 1.56 2.78 2.05 2.72 -0.70
1985.5 5.44 1.58 3.46 2.05 2.76 -1.24
1986.5 5.61 1.60 2.19 2.07 2.45 0.50
1987.5 5.75 1.61 5.69 2.04 0.22 -0.58
1988.5 5.96 1.64 4.67 1.98 1.48 -0.53
1989.5 6.09 1.65 2.95 1.95 3.62 -0.78
1990.5 6.14 1.64 2.63 2.11 2.34 0.70
1991.5 6.24 1.71 1.74 2.21 2.11 1.89
1992.5 6.12 1.61 1.36 2.35 3.00 1.01
1993.5 6.12 1.59 2.44 2.36 3.42 -0.50
1994.5 6.24 1.58 3.55 2.24 1.80 0.24
1995.5 6.37 1.56 4.20 2.15 1.52 0.05
1996.5 6.51 1.53 2.27 2.12 3.42 0.22
1997.5 6.62 1.49 4.18 2.17 3.14 -1.38
1998.5 6.59 1.49 6.20 2.33 1.17 -1.63
1999.5 6.57 1.45 2.87 2.16 3.77 -0.77
2000.5 6.74 1.41 2.63 2.04 4.18 -0.71
2001.5 6.90 1.39 3.93 1.91 2.39 0.05
2002.5 6.95 1.52 5.10 2.44 1.22 -0.28
2003.5 7.29 1.51 4.71 2.40 2.01 -0.32
2004.5 7.67 1.53 3.46 2.35 3.07 0.32
2005.5 7.97 1.47 5.14 2.44 1.51 0.36
2006.5 8.23 1.56 3.76 2.46 3.65 -0.08
2007.5 8.51 1.44 4.61 2.52 4.09 -1.27
2008.5 8.67 1.20 3.86 2.34 4.75 -1.09
Fossil fuel CO2 emissions by country available here.
Questions and comments should be sent to Corinne Le Quéré
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